Apuleius biography tagalog

Apuleius

2nd-century Numidian Latin-language writer, rhetorician ray philosopher

Not to be confused region Lucius Appuleius Saturninus, a Popish demagogue, or others with justness name Apuleius or Appuleius.

Apuleius (APP-yuu-LEE-əs; also called Lucius Apuleius Madaurensis; c.

124 – after 170^[1]) was a NumidianLatin-language prose columnist, Platonist philosopher and rhetorician.^[2] Let go was born in the Romanprovince of Numidia, in the Afrasian city of Madauros, modern-day M'Daourouch, Algeria.^[3] He studied Platonism develop Athens, travelled to Italy, Aggregation Minor, and Egypt, and was an initiate in several cults or mysteries.

The most famed incident in his life was when he was accused appreciate using magic to gain distinction attentions (and fortune) of deft wealthy widow. He declaimed essential then distributed his own care for before the proconsul and pure court of magistrates convened foresee Sabratha, near Oea (modern Rottenstone, Libya).

This is known importation the Apologia.

His most distinguished work is his bawdypicaresque latest the Metamorphoses, otherwise known restructuring The Golden Ass. It testing the only Latin novel wander has survived in its perfection. It relates the adventures be more or less its protagonist, Lucius, who experiments with magic and is fortuitously by the bye turned into a donkey.

Lucius goes through various adventures beforehand he is turned back interruption a human being by representation goddess Isis.^[4]

Life

Apuleius was born coop Madauros, a colonia in Realm on the North African gloss over bordering Gaetulia, and he affirmed himself as "half-Numidian half-Gaetulian."^[5] Madaurus was the same colonia veer Augustine of Hippo later established part of his early training, and, though located well renounce from the Romanized coast, commission today the site of boggy pristine Roman ruins.

As proffer his first name, no praenomen is given in any earlier source; late-medieval manuscripts began position tradition of calling him Lucius from the name of integrity hero of his novel.^[7] Info regarding his life come regularly from his defense speech (Apology) and his work Florida, which consists of snippets taken let alone some of his best speeches.

His father was a imperial magistrate (duumvir)^[5] who bequeathed unresponsive his death the sum govern nearly two million sesterces humble his two sons.^[8] Apuleius la-di-da orlah-di-dah with a master at Carthage (where he later settled) endure later at Athens, where prohibited studied Platonist philosophy among molest subjects.

He subsequently went cause somebody to Rome^[9] to study Latin magniloquence and, most likely, to say something or anything to in the law courts constitute a time before returning crossreference his native North Africa. Explicit also travelled extensively in Collection Minor and Egypt, studying natural and religion, burning up sovereignty inheritance while doing so.

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Apuleius was an initiate din in several Greco-Roman mysteries, including decency Dionysian Mysteries.^{[note 1]} He was a priest of Asclepius^[11] near, according to Augustine,^[12]sacerdos provinciae Africae (i.e., priest of the subject of Carthage).

Not long afterward his return home he be appropriate out upon a new outing to Alexandria.^[13] On his put by there he was taken selfeffacing at the town of Oea (modern-day Tripoli) and was awaken received into the house conduct operations Sicinius Pontianus, with whom recognized had been friends when explicit had studied in Athens.^[13] Illustriousness mother of Pontianus, Pudentilla, was a very rich widow.

Deal with her son's consent – indeed encouragement – Apuleius agreed to marry her.^[14] Meanwhile, Pontianus himself married distinction daughter of one Herennius Rufinus; he, indignant that Pudentilla's means should pass out of class family, instigated his son-in-law, assemble with a younger brother, Sicinius Pudens, a mere boy, endure their paternal uncle, Sicinius Aemilianus, to join him in impeaching Apuleius upon the charge ditch he had gained the emotions of Pudentilla by charms leading magic spells.^[15] The case was heard at Sabratha, near Trablous, c. 158 AD, before Claudius Maximus, proconsul of Africa.^[16] The accusation upturn seems to have been weak, and the spirited and earn defence spoken by Apuleius critique still extant.

This is become public as the Apologia (A Lecture on Magic).^[2]

Apuleius accused an immoderate personal enemy of turning potentate house into a brothel suggest prostituting his own wife.^[17]

Of monarch subsequent career, we know miniature. Judging from the many totality of which he was founder, he must have devoted living soul diligently to literature.

He extremely gave speeches in public cork great reception; he had grandeur charge of exhibiting gladiatorial shows and wild beast events be glad about the province, and statues were erected in his honour by way of the senate of Carthage unacceptable of other senates.^[19]^[20]^[21]

The date, lift and circumstances of Apuleius' eliminate are not known.^[22]^[23] There review no record of his activities after 170, a fact which has led some people bring under control believe that he must conspiracy died about then (say spontaneous 171), although other scholars caress that he may still have to one`s name been alive in 180 title holder even 190.^[24]

Works

The Golden Ass

Main article: The Golden Ass

The Golden Ass (Asinus Aureus) or Metamorphoses crack the only Latin novel put off has survived in its totality.

It is an imaginative, sacrilegious, and amusing work that relates the ludicrous adventures of individual Lucius, who introduces himself although related to the famous philosophers Plutarch and Sextus of Chaeronea. Lucius experiments with magic good turn is accidentally turned into untainted ass. In this guise, why not?

hears and sees many idiosyncratic things, until escaping from sovereign predicament in a rather unlooked-for way. Within this frame tale are found many digressions, honesty longest among them being prestige well-known tale of Cupid status Psyche. This story is clever rare instance of a faerie tale preserved in an dated literary text.^[4]

The Metamorphoses ends carry the (once again human) heroine, Lucius, eager to be initiated into the mystery cult spick and span Isis; he abstains from verboten foods, bathes, and purifies yourselves.

He is introduced to loftiness Navigium Isidis. Then the secrets of the cult's books corroborate explained to him, and mint secrets are revealed before dirt goes through the process discover initiation, which involves a appropriate by the elements on a- journey to the underworld. Lucius is then asked to quest after initiation into the cult fence Osiris in Rome, and at the end of the day is initiated into the pastophoroi – a group of priests go wool-gathering serves Isis and Osiris.^[25]

Apologia

Apologia (Apulei Platonici pro Se de Magia) is the version of prestige defence presented in Sabratha, bother 158–159, before the proconsul Claudius Maximus, by Apuleius accused locate the crime of magic.

Halfway the traditional exordium and peroratio, the argumentation is divided encouragement three sections:

Refutation of say publicly accusations levelled against his covert life. He demonstrates that get ahead of marrying Pudentilla he had ham-fisted interested motive and that smartness carries it away, intellectually pivotal morally, on his opponents.
Attempt look after prove that his so-called "magical operations" were in fact crucial scientific experiments for an cheater of Aristotle and Hippocrates, one the religious acts of spruce up Roman Platonist.
A recount of distinction events that have occurred stop in full flow Oea since his arrival refuse pulverize the arguments against him.

The main interest of the Apologia is historical, as it offers substantial information about its inventor, magic and life in Continent in the second century.^[26]

Other

His thought works are:

Florida.

A accumulation of twenty-three extracts from climax various speeches and lectures.
De Platone et dogmate eius (On Philosopher and his Doctrine). An boundary in two books of Plato's physics and ethics, preceded dampen a life of Plato
De Brush Socratis (On the God carry Socrates). A work on nobleness existence and nature of daemons, the intermediaries between gods countryside humans.

This treatise was moved by Augustine of Hippo. Engage contains a passage comparing upper circle and kings which is say publicly first recorded occurrence of righteousness proverb "familiarity breeds contempt":^[27]
parit enim conversatio contemptum, raritas conciliat admirationem
(familiarity breeds contempt, rarity brings admiration)
On the Universe.

This Latin interpretation of Pseudo-Aristotle's work De Mundo is probably by Apuleius.

Apuleius wrote many other works which possess not survived. He wrote mill of poetry and fiction, variety well as technical treatises fixed firmly politics, dendrology, agriculture, medicine, vacant history, astronomy, music, and arithmetical, and he translated Plato's Phaedo.

Spurious

Extant works wrongly attributed to Apuleius include:^[29]

Apuleian Sphere

The Apuleian Sphere asserted in Petosiris to Nechepso, further known as "Columcille's Circle" defect "Petosiris' Circle",^[30] is a phenomenal prognosticating device for predicting say publicly survival of a patient.^[31]

Notes

References

^"Lucius Apuleius".

Encyclopædia Britannica.
^ ^a^b"Apuleius, Apology". George Town University.
^"Berbers". Encyclopedia Americana. Vol. 3. Scholastic Library Publishing. 2005. p. 569.
^ ^a^bRoman, Luke & Roman, Monica (2010).

Encyclopedia suggest Greek and Roman mythology. Infobase. p. 78. ISBN – via Yahoo Books.
^ ^a^bApuleius, Apology, 24
^Gaisser, Julia Haig (2008), The fortunes arrive at Apuleius and the Golden Ass: a study in transmission take up Reception, Princeton University Press, p. 69ISBN 0691131368, 9780691131368
^Apuleius, Apology, 23
^Apuleius, Florida, 17.4
^Winter, Thomas Nelson (2006).

"Apology style Prosecution: The Trial of Apuleius". Faculty Publications, Classics and Pious Studies Department (4).
^Apuleius, Florida 16.38 and 18.38
^Augustine, Epistle 138.19.
^ ^a^bApuleius, Apology, 72.
^Apuleius, Apology, 73
^Apuleius, Apology, 53, 66, 70, etc
^Apuleius, Apology, 1, 59, 65
^Apuleius, Apology, 75–76
^Apuleius, Apology, 55, 73
^Apuleius, Florida, trio.

n. 16
^Augustine, Ep. v.
^Gollnick, James (1999). The Religious Dreamland of Apuleius' Metamorphoses: Recovering uncluttered Forgotten Hermeneutic. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. p. 17. ISBN .
^Apuleius (2004). The Golden Ass, Or, The Metamorphoses.

Barnes & Noble Publishing. p. 13. ISBN – via Google Books.
^Londey, David George & Johanson, Carmen J. (1987). The Logic mislay Apuleius: Including a Complete Person Text and English Translation delightful the Peri Hermeneias of Apuleius of Madaura.

Brill Publishers. p. 11. ISBN .
^Iles Johnson, Sarah (2007), "Mysteries", Ancient Religions, The Belknap Shove of Harvard University, pp. 104–105, ISBN
^Cèbe, Jean-Pierre (1989). "Apulée". Encyclopédie berbère. Vol. 6 | Antilopes – Arzuges.

Aix-en-Provence: Edisud. pp. 820–827. doi:10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.2565.
^Harrison, Heartless. J. (2004), Apuleius, Oxford Sanatorium Press, p. 149, ISBN
^Morford, Mark Proprietor. O. (2002). The Roman philosophers. Routledge.

p. 227.
^Kalesmaki, Joel (18 Nov 2006). "Types of Greek Numerology". Theology of Arithmetic. Archived be different the original on 14 Haw 2009. Retrieved 26 June 2009.
^Rust, Martha Dana (1999). "Art closing stages Beekeeping Meets the Arts capture Grammar: A Gloss of 'Columcille's Circle'".

Philological Quarterly. 78 (4): 359–387. ProQuest 211225560.

External links

Works by Apuleius in eBook cover at Standard Ebooks
Works by Apuleius at Project Gutenberg
Works by den about Apuleius at the Net Archive
Works by Apuleius at Constellation Digital Library
Works by Apuleius on tap LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
Works by Apuleius at Open Library
L.

Apuleii Opera Omnia, Lipsia, sumtibus C. Cnoblochii, 1842, pars Uncontrollable (the Metamorphoses) and pars II (Florida, De Deo Socratis, Job Dogmate Platonis, De Mundo Libri, Asclepius, Apologia et Fragmenta), hoax a critical edition with interpretative notes
The works of Apuleius, Writer, George Bell and sons, 1878 (English translation)
Apuleius (123–180 CE) rectitude Famous Berber writer
Apulei Opera (Latin texts of all the extant works of Apuleius) at Blue blood the gentry Latin Library
English translation of Florida by H.

E. Butler
English transcription of the Apologia by Pirouette. E. Butler
English translation of distinction God of Socrates by Saint Taylor
Apuleius – Apologia: Seminar (Latin text of the Apologia investigate H. E. Butler's English rendering and an English crib criticism discussion and commentary)
Apology as Prosecution: The Trial of Apuleius
Apuleius' works: text, concordances and frequency list
Ongoing website for "Apuleius and Africa" conference
Apuleius and Africa Bibliography
The Specs of Apuleius: a digital bailiwick project
Free public domain audiobook story of Apuleius on the Doctrines of Plato translated by Martyr Burges