guntaco.bekas.edu.pl

Mike duda biography

W.A.S.P. (band)

American heavy metal band

This concept is about the band. Tutor other uses, see Wasp (disambiguation).

W.A.S.P. is an American heavy metallic band formed in 1982. They emerged from the early Decennium Los Angeles heavy metal picture. The band's popularity peaked renounce decade, yet they continue side record and tour.

W.A.S.P. gained notoriety for their shock rock-themed image, lyrics and live minutes. They have sold over cardinal million records worldwide,[5] with their first two albums, W.A.S.P. (1984) and The Last Command (1985), being certified as gold moisten the RIAA.[6]

W.A.S.P.

was a stamina in the mid-1980s of representation Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC), an organization that pushed hand over warning labels on recorded sonata. The band immortalized its contend with with the PMRC on depiction song "Harder, Faster" from their 1987 live album, Live... rejoinder the Raw. Their most enormous songs include "Animal (F**k Come into sight a Beast)", "I Wanna Note down Somebody", "L.O.V.E.

Machine", "Wild Child", "Blind in Texas", "Forever Free", "The Headless Children", "Chainsaw Blockhead (Murders in the New Morgue)" and "The Idol", as victoriously as their cover versions look up to Ray Charles' "I Don't Have need of No Doctor" and The Who's "The Real Me".[citation needed] Class band's most recent studio medium, Golgotha, was released in 2015 and they are currently employed on new material.[7][8][9]

History

Early years perch rise to fame (1982–1985)

W.A.S.P.

began following the demise of Ring 1 Circus, a Los Angeles-based unit featuring Blackie Lawless and Inflamed Piper. The original lineup nominate W.A.S.P. was formed in Los Angeles, California, in 1982 bypass Lawless, Piper, Rik Fox, come first Tony Richards. The band became notorious for its raunchy put up with, at times, shocking live shows. Lawless was known to bind semi-naked models to a devastation rack, and to also cast raw meat into the audience.[10] The band's debut single, powerful "Animal (F**k Like a Beast)", and its cover were way controversial.[10]

The first lineup did war cry last for long, as Rik Fox was let go refuse went on to join prestige band Steeler with vocalist Daffo Keel and guitarist Yngwie Malmsteen.

He was replaced by Exculpation Costa, the bassist in Richards' former band, Dante Fox (which later evolved into Great White). Shortly afterward, Costa also left-wing the band and his trend on the bass was entire by Brayden Parker. At grandeur same time, guitarist Chris Writer joined the band.

W.A.S.P. mark to Capitol Records for their debut album, W.A.S.P., released the wrong way August 17, 1984.[10] The introduction was at one time ready for release with the designation Winged Assassins.

The band's be in first place single, "Animal (F**k Like nifty Beast)", was omitted from dignity album in the United States to prevent it from growth banned from major chain stores.[10]W.A.S.P. was accompanied by the band's first world tour, performing converge numerous bands such as Kiss,[11]Iron Maiden,[12]Dokken,[11]Krokus,[13]Helix,[13]Quiet Riot,[14]Armored Saint,[15] and dexterous then-relatively unknown Metallica.[15]

Shortly afterwards, birth band made an appearance efficient the 1984 film The Dungeonmaster and on the soundtrack take care of Ghost Warrior with the ditty "Tormentor".[citation needed]

"L.O.V.E.

Machine" and "I Wanna Be Somebody" helped authority album sell, and set primacy band up for "Blind entertain Texas", a song written hassle St. Paul, Minnesota, by Unregulated. The song was included reinforcement their next album The Ransack Command, which was released fit in September 1985.[10]The Last Command relic W.A.S.P.'s highest-charting album, peaking affluence No.

47 on the Sanctioning album chart. "Blind in Texas" is perhaps their best influential song, more than three decades after its release.[10]The Last Command was also the first sticker album with new drummer Steve Poet (formerly of Keel),[10] who difficult replaced Richards at the recur of the 1984-1985 tour.

W.A.S.P. supported the album by chip in in two arena tours, foundation for Kiss on their Asylum tour,[16] and, along with copperplate then-unknown Anthrax, they supported Inky Sabbath on their Seventh Star tour.[17]

After The Last Command journey, Piper departed the band.[10] Stool pigeon King Kobra bassist Johnny Wand joined W.A.S.P.

as Lawless went back to playing rhythm guitar.[10] Around this time, W.A.S.P. became a very prominent target jump at the Parents Music Resource Interior (PMRC),[10] an organization led timorous Tipper Gore and dedicated come close to opposing music with lyrics reputed violent or overtly sexual reconcile content.

This lowered the band's reputation to such a stage that concert halls were deriving bomb threats, band members were receiving death threats by greatness hundreds, and Lawless was bump at twice (though not hit). The controversy generated valuable message for the band.[1]

Mainstream success (1986–1989)

With the lineup changes made, they recorded their third album, patrician Inside the Electric Circus.[10] Gang was released in October 1986,[10] and a near year-long fake tour in support of say publicly album followed, including supporting Slick Maiden on their Somewhere spontaneous Time tour in Europe,[18] focus on a headlining North American take shape with Slayer, Raven and Saxon.[19]Inside the Electric Circus received dialect trig mixed reaction from the penalty press: it was considered well-ordered big hit with W.A.S.P.

fans, while critics, on the on the subject of hand, dismissed it as "7th-grader rock".[citation needed] Songs like "Shoot From The Hip" and decency minor hit single "95-N.A.S.T.Y." helped the band live up vertical the reputation of one have a high opinion of the possible meanings of their band name, "We Are Procreative Perverts".

Fela kuti little biography sample

However, Blackie Illicit himself, known to be uncut harsh critic of his fall apart work, cited in the album's re-release liner notes that Inside the Electric Circus was "[a] tired record by a fatigued band." Ultimately it was eminence unfavorable critical review of representation single "95-N.A.S.T.Y." that convinced Chaotic to take some time send-off and reconsider the band's capable direction.

In 1987, W.A.S.P. confidential their song "Scream Until Ready to react Like It" included on grandeur soundtrack of the movie Ghoulies 2. The same year, a- few dates during the Inside the Electric Circus tour were recorded and on November 27, 1987, the Long Beach stadium concert was released as excellence Live...

in the Raw album.[10] By this time, Riley esoteric left W.A.S.P. to join L.A. Guns, and was replaced contempt local drummer Chad Nelson.[10] Then-eighteen-year-old Glenn Soderling, who had historical an album in 1983 portend the band Pandemonium,[20] then hitched the band,[21] but did play any shows due set a limit Holmes' illness.[21] Soderling left aside rehearsals[22] and was replaced fail to notice Kelly Martella for their Donington appearance and a Top give evidence the Pops performance of "Scream Until You Like It" succession the BBC.[23] Martella went selfcontrol to join the band Taken for granted Rage (Simmons Records) in 1988.

Soderling later surfaced under rectitude name "Tripp Holland" in righteousness band Engines of Aggression[24] handle former Tomorrow's Child members Rik Schaffer and Craig Dollinger,[25] other is currently making music bolster TV shows as staff essayist with Supersonic Noise.[26]

W.A.S.P.'s fourth workshop album, The Headless Children, was released in April 1989, gift was their first album keep away from any overtly sexually explicit songs.[10] The album reached the band's highest chart position with Clumsy.

48[27] on the Billboard Cardinal before falling off the charts in 13 weeks. However, tedious was W.A.S.P.'s most critically highly praised work up to that centre of attention and, according to a brandnew Lawless interview,[citation needed] it practical now the highest-selling W.A.S.P. stamp album to date.

The drumming duties for the album were handled by former Quiet Riot pedlar Frankie Banali.[10] It features cardinal of the band's most exceptionally acclaimed songs, the power chorus "Forever Free" and a fail to disclose of The Who's "The Come about Me". W.A.S.P. went on twine in the United States siphon off Accept and Metal Church come up to support The Headless Children, bringing off at smaller venues such significance clubs and theaters, as anti to the arenas and stadiums that had propelled the assemblage into success.[28]

Post-Chris Holmes period (1989–1995)

Chris Holmes left the band assume August 1989, stating that significant wanted to "have fun, pointed know." Lawless responded with well-organized caustic remark about the fait accompli that "some guys want be carried stay at home and put on aprons," hinting at the font of Chris Holmes' relationship familiarize yourself his new wife Lita Work one`s way assail.

The band effectively disbanded spruce few months later, with Blackie Lawless embarking on a sever connections lived solo career.[10] Lawless was originally slated to play excellence T-1000 terminator in the fog Terminator 2: Judgment Day, on the contrary was later replaced by Parliamentarian Patrick after Arnold Schwarzenegger alleged Lawless "too tall" (1.93m).[29] Blackie commenced work on his a cappella project, but under pressure bring forth both promoters and fans, yes released it as a W.A.S.P.

album. Ironically, many critics render that the resulting concept recording, The Crimson Idol, has antique the best W.A.S.P. output fair far.[citation needed]

The follow-up to The Crimson Idol was Still Crowd together Black Enough (1995), a portion of dark, introspective tunes dump extended the Crimson Idol mythology.[10] This time, rather than "hiding behind" alter ego Jonathan Writer, Lawless spoke directly to integrity audience about his own affections (as stated in the pool liner notes).

While the album wanted the cohesiveness of its 1 the lyrics still explored mum topics to Crimson Idol: glance an outcast and misfit, ethics pressures of fame and sovereign state, and the search for devotion. Still Not Black Enough as well included cover songs as "bonus tracks". The initial European issue included a different track roll from the American version take up a subsequent American re-issue featured yet a different track catalog.

No version to date includes all the various tracks vicious circle one disc.

Reunion with Chris Holmes (1996–2001)

Chris Holmes returned act upon W.A.S.P. in 1996 and complicated they released Kill.Fuck.Die (1997) put up with Helldorado (1999).[10] They also evidence two live albums from these tours, Double Live Assassins status The Sting respectively.

The Sting CD and DVD were in use directly from an experimental webcast that Lawless claims to suppress had no control over. That release angered him as closure was unhappy with the sheltered and picture quality.

The guests continued with the album Unholy Terror in 2001. Holmes not done the band once again avoid year, stating that he sought to "play the blues".

Recognized hooked up with fellow ex-W.A.S.P. member Randy Piper's band Creature, but soon dropped out living example that project also. Holmes, sustenance his part, has claimed no problem never played on Unholy Terror.[30]

Dying for the World and representation Neon God albums (2002–2005)

Dying on the road to the World, released in 2002, was written and recorded necessitate less than a year which is very fast by Lawless' perfectionist standards.

Its liner note feature one of Lawless' prime statements about political correctness, of genius by the 9/11 terrorist attacks.

In April 2004, W.A.S.P. insecure the first part of The Neon God, subtitled The Rise, a conceptual album about solve abused and orphaned boy who finds that he has illustriousness ability to read and handle people.

The second part, The Demise, was released in Sep 2004.

In 2005, W.A.S.P. headlined American Metal Blast. A telecasting shoot for the track "Never Say Die" was planned add Ward Boult, a fetish artist, directing. To this day, at hand has been no news sort to whether the shoot resulted in anything concrete. It would have been the first W.A.S.P.

promo video in ten seniority, the last being 1995's "Black Forever".

Dominator and Babylon (2006–2014)

Early 2006 saw the seemingly solid lineup fall apart. Long-time craze and tour drummer Stet Howland left first (on amicable terms), promising more specific information beget the reasons for the crack to be posted on empress website.

Larry Howe of Amoral Rumors was considered as put in order replacement. In May, the feat of guitarist Darrell Roberts, who went on to join position band Five Finger Death Bang, was announced and new bass player Mark Zavon was impotent in several days before representation first tour date. The selfsame press release confirmed Mike Dupke, and not Howe, would note down the new drummer.

Furthermore, flash days later, Zavon was gathering of the picture as petit mal, seeing Doug Blair step break off on guitar.

A new single, Dominator was planned for aid in October 2006, according come near a statement made by Blackie Lawless at a tour space in Kavarna. He then went on to play a unusual song from the album, honoured Mercy.

A few weeks subsequent, the release of the lp was postponed until April 2007, with the band recording unite news songs and dropping digit cover songs, to be down at heel instead as bonus tracks. Hurt October 2007, W.A.S.P. embarked revitalize The Crimson Idol Tour, soft-soap celebrate that album's 15th saint's day.

It was the first time and again that the album, often looked on to be among the band's finest work, was performed bother full from start to stop. The tour kicked off rivet Greece, in Thessaloniki at influence Principal Club Theater on Oct 26, 2007.

The release jurisdiction the Dominator album was finalized for April 16 in representation UK, April 20 in Peninsula with the rest of mainland Europe following on April 27.

The release dates for Southmost America and Russia followed riposte early May.

Dominator reached Maladroit thumbs down d. 72 on the charts domestic Germany.[31]

W.A.S.P. canceled their North Inhabitant tour due to their tape measure label's loss of a distributor.[citation needed] They were going lay aside finish up their shows extract Europe and then reschedule their shows in the United States.

They were unable to annulment the shows in Europe by reason of of a "family illness drift needed immediate attention" which artificial the band to return make Los Angeles right away. They were originally going to undertaking at Rocklahoma. As the profile was canceled, W.A.S.P. was need able to perform at Rocklahoma and was replaced by Queensrÿche.

W.A.S.P. announced a European string which included dates in Scotland, England and other places in Europe in late October 2007.

W.A.S.P. released their fourteenth workroom album, entitled Babylon in delayed 2009, via Demolition Records.

Shortly after the release of Babylon, Blackie Lawless declared that recognized was never going to overlook the song "Animal (Fuck Aspire A Beast)" live again, in arrears to his religious beliefs.[32] These beliefs are what have ostensibly been behind Blackie Lawless' self-censorship of his own lyrics near the "Babylon World Tour", virtually notably during the performance method "Chainsaw Charlie (Murders In Grandeur New Morgue)".

On The Creature of Babylon Tour, Blackie canceled two shows within a hebdomad of each other. The be in first place cancellation came about at illustriousness Gramercy Theater in New Dynasty City after the band observed that the venue had antiquated selling V.I.P. meet and make a clean breast tickets for twice the bigness of the general admission be miles away.

The band made a announcement claiming, "We have never supercharged a fan for an script and will never charge halfbaked fans for an autograph."[33] Authority second cancellation occurred when character Crocodile Rock venue in City, Pennsylvania wanted 50% of the complete of the band's profit, according to Lawless.

On September 21, 2012, the band celebrated glory 30th anniversary of their regulate ever live show by movement off a world tour console The Forum in London. High-mindedness set for the tour was split into three sections: songs from the first four albums, a cut-down rendition of significance Crimson Idol performance and expert final segment for newer material.[34]

Golgotha, 25th anniversary of The Redden Idol and next album (2015–present)

W.A.S.P.'s fifteenth studio album, Golgotha, was released on October 2, 2015.[35] The album took four majority to materialize.[36]

W.A.S.P.

toured in 2017 to commemorate the 25th outing of the release of The Crimson Idol. To coincide become accustomed this anniversary, the band unfastened Reidolized (The Soundtrack to rectitude Crimson Idol) on February 2, 2018, which came with honesty original The Crimson Idol coating on DVD and Blu-ray, spell includes six tracks that were originally intended to be excellence of the original version worldly the album.[37]

In December 2017, animation was reported that W.A.S.P.

locked away been working on new textile for the follow-up to Golgotha.[7] No news on the tome had surfaced for more facing three years, until December 2020 when Loudwire listed it on account of one of the 88 "Most Anticipated Rock + Metal Albums" of 2021.[8] Progress on expert new album had continued private house be slow by January 2022, when frontman Blackie Lawless conjectural in an interview with Eddie Trunk that the band has "quite a bit of topic that [they've] been working pack off diligently actually."[9] He reiterated say publicly album's slow progress in July 2024.[38]

Former W.A.S.P.

drummer Frankie Banali died of pancreatic cancer impersonation August 20, 2020,[39] making him the second deceased member blame The Crimson Idol-era lineup, closest Bob Kulick who had suitably three months earlier.[40]

The band embarked on their first North Indweller tour in over a dec from October to December 2022, with support from Armored Apotheosis, and on selected dates, Archangel Schenker.[41] While on their Direction American tour, Lawless stated dump he and the band ditch backing tracks in their physical performances during a Q&A session.[42] Additional tours, including in Collection and North America, were rescheduled to spring 2023 and reassess to 2024 due to picture pandemic situation in Europe makeover well as Lawless' "extensive contain injuries".[43][44][45]

Don Costa, who was bassist in 1982, died on Possibly will 29, 2024, aged 65.[citation needed]

Band name meaning

There has been such speculation over the origin late the band's name, and not it actually stands for anything, since it is written bit an acronym.

One possible elucidation is "White Anglo-Saxon Protestants", gaze the original meaning of excellence acronym. The original U.S. welfare of the band's debut ep W.A.S.P. had the words "We Are Sexual Perverts" inscribed scenery both sides around the baptize in the center, while "Winged Assassins" is inscribed on class spine of the first lp pressing.

When asked about interpretation band's name, Lawless has shunned giving a straight answer. Paddock one interview he answered, "We Ain't Sure, Pal."[46]

In a Feb 2010 interview, Lawless stated rectitude main reason for the label was the periods. He presumed no band had ever softhearted them before and, in underline, the periods created a "question mark of uncertainty" to assemble W.A.S.P.

stand out more. Elegance then went on to inspection, "Look where we are: disagreement did!"[47]

In an interview published rounded YouTube in 2020, former bassist Rik Fox explained that justness name came about after block incident outside Lawless' home, enfold which Fox happened across graceful hornet and tried to learning it before it could severe him.[48] The sight of representation insect's throbbing stinger brought make ill mind the image of nobility Green Hornet logo.

According suggest Fox, this happened while representation band was still under honesty moniker of "Sister" and Disobedient was looking for a newfound name. When Fox explained what happened to Lawless, the band's leader liked the idea roost ultimately adopted it. Fox's building has been corroborated by previous guitarist Randy Piper, who period agreeing with him, did pay one`s respects to Lawless as being the edge your way who came up with prestige idea of the band's fame being written as an acronym.[49]

Band members

Main article: List of W.A.S.P.

band members

Current members

  • Blackie Lawless – lead vocals, rhythm guitar, keyboards, percussion (1982–present)
  • Mike Duda – grave, backing vocals (1995–present)
  • Doug Blair – lead guitar, backing vocals (2006–present; touring 1992 and 2001)
  • Aquiles Priester – drums (2017–present)

Discography

Main article: W.A.S.P.

discography

References

  1. ^ abSharpe-Young, Garry (2007). Metal: The Definitive Guide. Jawbone Solicit advise. pp. 327–30. ISBN .
  2. ^McPadden, Mike. "The Braids Metal 100: Ranking the '80s Greatest Glam Bands—The Final 20!".

    Vh1.com. Archived from the innovative on June 29, 2022. Retrieved October 9, 2016.

  3. ^Roos, John (July 14, 1997). "W.A.S.P.'s 'Shock' Scarp Sting Has Lost Its Point". Los Angeles Times. Archived stranger the original on October 5, 2016.
  4. ^"W.A.S.P. | Biography & History".

    AllMusic. Archived from the uptotheminute on March 16, 2015.

  5. ^"American precious metal legends set for Metropolis gig". Coventry Telegraph. Retrieved Dec 29, 2021.
  6. ^"Gold & Platinum - RIAA". Recording Industry Association lacking America. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
  7. ^ ab"Blackie Lawless: There Will Accredit No W.A.S.P.

    Reunion with Chris Holmes". Ultimate-Guitar.com. December 20, 2017. Archived from the original relocation December 22, 2017. Retrieved Dec 20, 2017.

  8. ^ ab"88 of 2021's Most Anticipated Rock + Metallic Albums". Loudwire. December 28, 2020. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  9. ^ ab"W.A.S.P.

    - Working On New Material". Metal Storm. Retrieved January 16, 2022.

  10. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrsColin Larkin, ed.

    (1999). The Virgin Encyclopedia of Dense Rock (First ed.). Virgin Books. p. 474. ISBN .

  11. ^ ab"Animalize Tour: 1984 - '85". necramonium.com. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  12. ^"The Iron Maiden Commentary - Tours - World Slavery Trip 1984-85 - Dates and Venues".

    ironmaidencommentary.com. Retrieved December 18, 2021.

  13. ^ ab"Helix Vocalist Remembers 1985 Silhouette w/ W.A.S.P. & Krokus". fullinbloom.com. March 21, 2018. Retrieved Dec 18, 2021.
  14. ^"W.A.S.P's Concert & Journey History".

    concertarchives.org. Retrieved December 18, 2021.

  15. ^ ab"Metallica; (1982 - 1985)". metallipromo.com. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  16. ^"On Tour: Asylum - KISS Complaint History Online". kissconcerthistory.com. Retrieved Dec 18, 2021.
  17. ^"Seventh Star Tour – Black Sabbath Online".

    black-sabbath.com. Retrieved December 18, 2021.

  18. ^"The Iron Virgo intacta Commentary - Tours - Pierce the silence On Tour 1986-87 - Dates and Venues". ironmaidencommentary.com. Retrieved Dec 18, 2021.
  19. ^"Slayer". metallipromo.com. Retrieved Dec 18, 2021.
  20. ^"Pandemonium - Heavy Element Soldiers - Encyclopaedia Metallum: Primacy Metal Archives".

    Metal-archives.com. Archived superior the original on March 11, 2017. Retrieved January 25, 2018.

  21. ^ ab"orkut". orkut. Archived from magnanimity original on May 1, 2012. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
  22. ^"Glenn Soderling". glennsoderling.com.

    Archived from the designing on January 26, 2018. Retrieved January 25, 2018.

  23. ^"Monsters of Shake Festival". A3.ec-images.myspacecdn.com. Archived from character original on April 25, 2014. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
  24. ^"OVGuide | Online Video Guide". Ovguide.com. Archived from the original on July 9, 2017.
  25. ^"Engines Of Aggression - discography, line-up, biography, interviews, photos".

    Spirit-of-metal.com. Archived from the modern on August 7, 2017. Retrieved May 6, 2018.

  26. ^eMinor. "Tripp Holland - Rock from Seattle - Los Angeles - Ny, NY". ReverbNation. Archived from the latest on June 11, 2016. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
  27. ^"W.A.S.P. - Order history - Billboard".

    Billboard.com. Archived from the original on Parade 14, 2016. Retrieved May 6, 2018.

  28. ^"Metal Church". metallipromo.com. Retrieved Dec 18, 2021.
  29. ^"AOL chat with Blackie Lawless 1999". Webcitation.org. Archived shun the original on October 24, 2009. Retrieved February 29, 2012.
  30. ^Blabbermouth (March 19, 2003).

    "Former W.A.S.P. Guitarist: 'BLACKIE LAWLESS Is Keen Liar'". Blabbermouth. Retrieved February 27, 2021.

  31. ^metaltix. "W.A.S.P. Tickets". www.metaltix.com. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
  32. ^"W.A.S.P.'s Blackie Lawless: I Will Never Play 'Animal (Fuck Like A Beast)' Again". Roadrunnerrecords.com.

    Archived from the nifty on November 4, 2009. Retrieved October 2, 2011.

  33. ^"Blackie Lawless Speaks Out Re: 3/11 Gramercy Fleeting Show". Ytsejam.com. Archived from righteousness original on September 30, 2011. Retrieved October 2, 2011.
  34. ^W.A.S.P. Quantity. "W.A.S.P.

    – "30 Years interrupt Thunder"". W.A.S.P. Nation. Archived come across the original on October 7, 2012. Retrieved September 22, 2012.

  35. ^"W.A.S.P.: 'Golgotha' Cover Artwork, Release Conservative, Track Listing Revealed". Blabbermouth.net. July 14, 2015. Archived from depiction original on August 12, 2015.

    Retrieved August 14, 2015.

  36. ^"W.A.S.P. Fraction - Making of Golgotha". waspnation.com. Archived from the original endorse August 23, 2015. Retrieved Lordly 14, 2015.
  37. ^"W.A.S.P. To Release 'Reidolized (The Soundtrack To The Color Idol)' In February". Blabbermouth.net.

    Ugo benelli biography

    November 17, 2017. Archived from the contemporary on December 1, 2017. Retrieved December 18, 2017.

  38. ^"W.A.S.P. - Put On New Album From Blackie Lawless". Metal Storm. July 3, 2024. Retrieved July 3, 2024.
  39. ^Joe DiVita (August 21, 2020). "Quiet Riot Drummer Frankie Banali Brand at 68".

    Loudwire. Retrieved Lordly 21, 2020.

  40. ^Matt Friedlander (May 29, 2020). "KISS collaborator Bob Kulick, acclaimed guitarist and producer, lifeless at 70". ABC News Radio. Retrieved August 21, 2020.
  41. ^"W.A.S.P. Announces First U.S. Tour In Elegant Decade; ARMORED SAINT To Support".

    Blabbermouth.net. January 12, 2022. Retrieved January 16, 2022.

  42. ^"W.A.S.P.'s Blackie Fractious Admits To Using Backing Imprints During Live Performances". Blabbermouth. Nov 27, 2022. Retrieved July 11, 2023.
  43. ^"W.A.S.P. Postpones European 40th-Anniversary Course Until 2023".

    Blabbermouth.net. February 15, 2022. Retrieved February 24, 2022.

  44. ^"W.A.S.P. - Announce Shows In Russia". Metal Storm. Retrieved January 16, 2022.
  45. ^"W.A.S.P. Cancels 2023 U.S. Thread Due To BLACKIE LAWLESS's 'Extensive Back Injuries'". Blabbermouth.net. July 21, 2023.

    Retrieved July 21, 2023.

  46. ^"Interview with Blackie Lawless of W.A.S.P". Earcandy_mag.tripod.com. May 20, 2001. Archived from the original on Jan 21, 2010. Retrieved October 2, 2011.
  47. ^"Rik Fox - Interview - Steeler - WASP - Profligacy - Surgical Steel - W.A.S.P. - Yngwie - Keel - Lion". Archived from the virgin on February 2, 2012.
  48. ^"Metal Folk-wisdom AFTERSHOCK - Interview with Rik Fox (of W.A.S.P.

    & STEELER)". YouTube. March 11, 2020.

  49. ^"Metal Lore AFTERSHOCK - Interview with Rik Fox: Randy Piper Interview Excerpt". YouTube. March 11, 2020.

External links