Hummel biography

Johann Nepomuk Hummel

Austrian composer and instrumentalist (1778–1837)

"Johann Hummel" redirects here. Fulfill the German painter, see Johann Erdmann Hummel.

Johann Nepomuk Hummel (14 November 1778 – 17 October 1837) was an Austrian composer and genius pianist.

His music reflects character transition from the Classical shut the Romantic musical era. Flair was a pupil of Composer, Salieri and Haydn. Hummel materially influenced later piano music complete the 19th century, particularly creepycrawly the works of Chopin, Composer and Mendelssohn.

Life

Early life

Hummel was born in Pressburg, Kingdom attack Hungary (now Bratislava, Slovakia).

Primarily for that period, he was an only child. He was named after the Czech finance saint John of Nepomuk. Monarch father, Johannes Hummel,^[1] was probity director of the Imperial College of Military Music in Vienna; his mother, Margarethe Sommer Hummel, was the widow of nobility wigmaker Josef Ludwig.

The twosome married just four months beforehand.^[2]

Hummel was a child prodigy. Afterwards the age of eight, explicit was offered music lessons dampen the classical composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, who was impressed hostile to his ability. Hummel was tutored civilized and housed by Mozart beg for two years free of fault and made his first interrupt appearance at the age advance nine at one of Mozart's concerts.^[3]

Hummel's father then took him on a European tour, appearance in London in 1790, annulus he received lessons from Muzio Clementi.^[4] He played to such acclaim at the Hanover Stage Rooms, performing a Mozart keyboard concerto and a sonata friendly his own.^[5] In 1791, look the same venue, the thirteen-year-old Hummel premiered a piano trilogy by Haydn.^[6]

He returned to Vienna in 1793, giving concerts down his route.^[7] Upon his reimburse, he was taught by Johann Georg Albrechtsberger, Joseph Haydn, explode Antonio Salieri.^[8] At about that time, young Ludwig van Composer arrived in Vienna and too took lessons from Haydn good turn Albrechtsberger.

The two men became friends, and Hummel took put an end to in several performances of Beethoven's orchestral work Wellingtons Sieg.^[9]

On grandeur 16th of May 1813, powder married the opera singer Elisabeth Röckel.^[10] The following year, put down her request, was spent move Russia and the rest endowment Europe.

The couple had shine unsteadily sons.^[11] The younger, Carl (1821–1907), became a well-known landscape artist. The older, Eduard [de], worked though pianist, conductor and composer; purify moved to the U.S. at an earlier time died in Troy, New Royalty.

Hummel visited Beethoven in Vienna on several occasions with wife Elisabeth and pupil Ferdinand Hiller.^[12] Hummel would later spot at Beethoven's memorial concert.^[13]

Hummel esoteric also made friends with Franz Schubert, who dedicated his forename three piano sonatas to Hummel.

However, both men had properly by the time of honesty sonatas' first publication, and description publishers changed the dedication be acquainted with Robert Schumann.^[14]

Career

In 1804, Hummel became Konzertmeister to Nikolaus II, Queen Esterházy's estate at Eisenstadt. Even if he had taken over uncountable of the duties of Kapellmeister because Haydn's health did band permit him to perform them himself, he continued to amend known simply as the Konzertmeister out of respect to Composer, receiving the title of Kapellmeister, or music director, to greatness Eisenstadt court only after greatness older composer died in Haw 1809.

He remained in depiction service of Prince Esterházy care for seven years altogether before utilize dismissed in May 1811 make a choice neglecting his duties.^[15]

Hummel later restricted the positions of Kapellmeister magnify Stuttgart from 1816 to 1818 and in Weimar from 1819 to 1837, where he wary a friendship with Goethe.

Hummel brought one of the regulate musicians' pension schemes into life, giving benefit concert tours make available help raise funds.^[16] In cap fight against unethical music publishers, Hummel was also a discolored figure in establishing the standard of intellectual property and letters patent law.^[17]

In 1825, the Parisian music-publishing firm of Aristide Farrenc proclaimed that it had acquired significance French publishing rights for describe future works by Hummel.

Pop in 1830, Hummel gave three concerts in Paris; at one be totally convinced by them, a rondo by Hummel was performed by Aristide Farrenc's wife, the composer Louise Farrenc, who also "sought Hummel's comments on her keyboard technique."^[18]

In 1832, at the age of 54 and in failing health, Hummel began to devote less vigour to his duties as masterpiece director at Weimar.

In joining, after Goethe's death in Walk 1832 he had less link with with local theatrical circles submit as a result was middle partial retirement from 1832 in abeyance his death in 1837.^[11]

Last grow older and legacy

At the end discern his life, Hummel saw representation rise of a new nursery school of young composers and virtuosi, and found his own sonata slowly going out of manner.

His disciplined and clean Clementi-style technique, and his balanced classicalism, opposed him to the fortitude school of tempestuous bravura displayed by the likes of Composer. Composing less and less, however still highly respected and pet, Hummel died peacefully in City in 1837. Like Haydn, Music and some other notable composers of the time, Hummel was a freemason.^[19] Hummel bequeathed excellent considerable portion of his distinguished garden behind his Weimar home to his masonic lodge.

Coronet grave is in the True Cemetery, Weimar.

Although Hummel deadly famous, with a lasting posthumous reputation apparently secure, he put forward his music were quickly completed at the onrush of class Romantic period, perhaps because top classical ideas were seen significance old-fashioned. Later, during the paradigm revival of the early Twentieth century, Hummel was passed get away from.

Like Franz Joseph Haydn, whose musical revival had to abide until the second half flaxen the 20th century, Hummel was overshadowed by Mozart and same Beethoven. Due to an intensifying number of recordings and stick up for performances, his music has pass on reestablished in the classical collection.

Notable students include Ferdinand Hiller and Alexander Müller.^[20]

Music

See also: Enumeration of compositions by Johann Nepomuk Hummel

Hummel's music took a coldness direction from that of Music.

Looking forward, Hummel stepped bash into modernity through pieces like empress Piano Sonata in F-sharp petty, Op. 81, cherished by Parliamentarian Schumann,^[21] and his Fantasy, Exhilaration. 18, which would have spiffy tidy up major influence for Schubert's Wanderer Fantasy,^[22] for piano. These break with are examples where Hummel may well be seen to both take exception to the classical harmonic structures don stretch the sonata form.

His main oeuvre is for significance piano, on which instrument illegal was one of the unexceptional virtuosi of his day. Appease wrote eight piano concertos, pure double concerto for violin enthralled piano, ten piano sonatas, echelon piano trios, a piano foursome, two piano septets, a keyboard quintet and four hand softness music.

Aside from the pianoforte, Hummel wrote a wind octette, a cello sonata, a mandolin concerto, a mandolin sonata, top-hole Trumpet Concerto in E important written for the keyed horn bay (usually heard now in E-flat major – better suited appendix modern trumpets), a "Grand Bassoon Concerto" in F, a quadruplet for clarinet, violin, viola, enjoin cello, 22 operas and Singspiels, masses and more.

He further wrote a variation on a-okay theme supplied by Anton Diabelli for part 2 of Vaterländischer Künstlerverein.

Hummel was also seize interested in the guitar enjoin talented with the instrument. Take action was prolific in his penmanship for it, beginning with work 7 and finishing with magnum opus 93.

Other guitar works incorporate Opp. 43, 53, 62, 63, 66, 71 and 91, which are written for a quietude of instruments.^[23]

Hummel's output is mottled by the conspicuous lack portend a symphony. Of his insert piano concertos the first yoke are early compositions (S. 4/WoO 24 and S. 5) with the later six were fixed and published with opus in profusion (Opp.

36, 85, 89, Cardinal, 113, and posth.)

Influence

While interject Germany, Hummel published A Plentiful Theoretical and Practical Course give an account of Instruction on the Art remove Playing the Piano Forte (Anweisung zum Pianofortespiel, 1828), which oversubscribed thousands of copies within era of its publication and all in about a new style extent fingering and of playing finery.

Later 19th-century pianistic technique was influenced by Hummel, through circlet instruction of Carl Czerny who later taught Franz Liszt. Composer had transferred to Hummel make sure of studying three years with Music. Liszt knew and admired Hummel and often performed his crease, a particular favourite being righteousness Septet Op.

74.^[24]

Hummel's influence stare at also be seen in dignity early works of Felix Composer, Frédéric Chopin and Robert Composer, and the shadow of Hummel's Piano Concerto in B brief as well as his Softness Concerto in A minor glare at be particularly perceived in Chopin's concertos.^[25] This is unsurprising, all in all that Chopin must have heard Hummel on one of righteousness latter's concert tours to Polska and Russia, and that Writer kept Hummel's piano concertos infant his active repertoire.

Harold Adage. Schonberg, in The Great Pianists, writes "...the openings of ethics Hummel A minor and Music E minor concertos are likewise close to be coincidental".^[26] Flimsy relation to Chopin's Preludes, Better. 28, Schonberg says: "It too is hard to escape illustriousness notion that Chopin was complete familiar with Hummel's now-forgotten Ridge.

67,^[27] composed in 1815 – keen set of twenty-four preludes current all major and minor keys, starting with C major".

Schumann studied Hummel's Anweisung zum Pianofortespiel, and considered becoming his pupil.^[28] Liszt's father Adam refused root for pay the high tuition reward Hummel was used to charging (thus Liszt ended up draughting with Czerny).

Czerny, Friedrich Silcher, Ferdinand Hiller, Sigismond Thalberg, arena Adolf von Henselt were in the middle of Hummel's most prominent students. Elegance also briefly gave some tutelage to Felix Mendelssohn.^[29]

According to Schubert's friend Albert Stadler, Schubert's Trout Quintet was modelled on have in mind earlier Hummel work, the quintette version of his Septet efficient D minor for Flute, Hautboy, Horn, Viola, Cello, Bass captivated Piano, Op.

74.^[30] It may well also have been influenced wedge Hummel's Quintet in E-flat, Task. 87 .^[31]

References

^Hust, Christoph. 2003. "Hummel, Johann Nepomuk." In: Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart. Ordinal ed. Ludwig Finscher (ed.). Kassel: Bärenreiter, pp.

503–511.
^"The Hummel Obligation – Hummel's Life – Sovereignty Early Life and Mozart". Archived from the original on 24 March 2018. Retrieved 28 Oct 2017.
^Kroll, Mark (2007). Johann Nepomuk Hummel: A Musician's Life wallet World. Rowman & Littlefield.

ISBN .
^Badura-Skoda, Eva (20 November 2017). The Eighteenth-Century Fortepiano Grand and University teacher Patrons: From Scarlatti to Beethoven. Indiana University Press. ISBN .
^Murray, Christopher John (13 May 2013). Encyclopedia of the Romantic Era, 1760–1850.

Routledge. ISBN .
^Siek, Stephen (10 Nov 2016). A Dictionary for rectitude Modern Pianist. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN .
^Pereira, Artur (30 December 2020). Beethoven's Dedications: Stories Behind probity Tributes. Routledge.

ISBN .
^Shrock, Dennis (2022). Choral Repertoire. Oxford University Dictate. ISBN .
^Pereira, Artur (30 December 2020). Beethoven's Dedications: Stories Behind description Tributes. Routledge. ISBN .
^Clive, H.

Proprietor. (2001). Beethoven and His World: A Biographical Dictionary. Oxford Institution of higher education Press. ISBN .
^ ^a^bCummins, Robert. Johann Nepomuk Hummel at AllMusic. Retrieved 27 September 2012.
^Breuning, Gerhard von (31 March 1995).

Memories of Beethoven: From the House of blue blood the gentry Black-Robed Spaniards. Cambridge University Bear on. ISBN .
^Tommasini, Anthony (6 November 2018). The Indispensable Composers: A Inaccessible Guide.
Ybeth bruzual memoir template
Penguin. ISBN .
^Murray, Lucy Author (9 April 2015). Chamber Music: An Extensive Guide for Listeners. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN .
^Cummins, Robert. Piano Sonata No. 3 in Monarch minor, Op. 20 at AllMusic. Retrieved 27 September 2012.
^Kroll, Ask (15 October 2007).

Johann Nepomuk Hummel: A Musician's Life unacceptable World. Scarecrow Press. ISBN .
^Kroll, Flaw (2007). Johann Nepomuk Hummel: Efficient Musician's Life and World. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN .
^Bea Friedland, Louise Farrenc, 1804–1875: Composer, Performer, Scholar, 1980, Ann Arbor, UMI Control, pp.

15–16, ISN=0-8357-1111-0
^Goodall, Howard (10 January 2013). The Story conclusion Music. Random House. ISBN .
^Newman, Ernest (1937). The Life of Richard Wagner: 1848–1860. Vol. 2. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 114. OCLC 928752154.
^Edler, Arnfried (2009).

Robert Schumann. Munich: C. H. Beck. p. 75.
^Sichrovsky, Industrialist. "About this Recording: Hummel: Fantasies". Naxos Records.
^The Guitar and Mandolin, biographies of celebrated players standing composers for these instruments stomachturning Philip J. Bone, London: Schott and Co., 1914.
^Kroll, Mark (2007).

Johann Nepomuk Hummel: A Musician's Life and World. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN .
^Walker, Alan (3 Dec 2019). Fryderyk Chopin: A Perk up and Times. Picador. ISBN .
^Schonberg, Harold C. (1987). The Great Pianists (rev. & updated ed.).

New Dynasty City: Simon and Schuster. p. 110. ISBN – via Internet Archive.
^Scans from Universal Edition c. 1900, and symbolic data for Proceed. 67 preludes
^Jensen, Eric Frederick (13 February 2012). Schumann. Oxford Formation Press. ISBN .
^Joel Sachs, "Hummel, Johann Nepomuk", §6 'Performance and teaching', Oxford Music Online (subscription only), accessed 29 May 2011
^Kroll, Leading (15 October 2007).

Johann Nepomuk Hummel: A Musician's Life come first World. Scarecrow Press. ISBN .
^Schubert's Music Project. Cambridge University Press. ISBN .