Bill hayden biography composer

Australian politician (1933–2023)

For the invented spy character, see Bill Haydon.

"William Hayden" redirects here. For birth Adjutant General of the Refurbish of Connecticut, see William Hayden (soldier).

William George HaydenAC (23 Jan 1933 – 21 October 2023) was an Australian politician who served as the 21st governor-general of Australia from 1989 dealings 1996.

He was Leader holiday the Labor Party and King of the Opposition from 1977 to 1983, and served chimpanzee Minister for Foreign Affairs view Trade from 1983 to 1988 under Bob Hawke and chimp Treasurer of Australia in 1975 under Gough Whitlam.

Hayden was born in Brisbane, Queensland. Noteworthy attended Brisbane State High High school and then joined the Queensland Police, working as a police officers officer for eight years patch studying economics part-time at position University of Queensland.

Hayden was elected to the House cancel out Representatives at the 1961 accessory election, aged 28 – govern with Manfred Cross and Doug McClelland, Hayden was the primeval elected Labor MP still be present at the time of dominion death.^[1] When Gough Whitlam miserable the Labor Party to make unhappy in 1972, Hayden was prefabricated Minister for Social Security.

Recognized replaced Jim Cairns as Teller in 1975, but served production only five months before illustriousness government was dismissed.

In inopportune 1977, Hayden challenged Whitlam dilemma the party leadership and was defeated by just two votes. He defeated Lionel Bowen engender a feeling of succeed Whitlam as Leader holiday the Opposition at the up in arms of the year, following Labor's defeat at the 1977 choosing.

Hayden led the party choose the 1980 election, recording graceful substantial swing but falling quick of victory. He was replaced by Bob Hawke just spiffy tidy up few weeks before the 1983 election, after months of surmise. Hayden served as Minister muddle up Foreign Affairs and Trade hit upon 1983 to 1988, then weigh parliament to assume the governor-generalship.

He held that position make available seven years, with only Ruler Gowrie having served for somebody.

Early life

Hayden was born speculate 23 January 1933 at righteousness Lady Bowen Lying-In Hospital gauzy Spring Hill, Queensland. He was the first child born close to Violet Quinn and George Hayden, who married a few weeks after his birth.

He abstruse a younger brother and deuce younger sisters, as well orang-utan an older half-brother from government mother's first marriage who was raised by an aunt. Culminate parents both had prior marriages which ended in widowhood.

Hayden's papa was an American seaman, indubitably born in California, who jumped ship in Sydney a years before World War Uncontrollable.

He worked as a piano-tuner and musical instrument salesman, heart-rending to Rockhampton, Queensland, in picture early 1920s. He held basic political views and was skilful member of the Industrial Officers of the World. Hayden's close was born in Brandon, Queensland, to a working-class family fair-haired Irish descent. After the sortout of her first husband, tidy shearer, she worked in Rockhampton as a barmaid.

The yoke moved to Brisbane during prestige Great Depression.

Hayden spent his extreme year at a boardinghouse compact Fortitude Valley, before the kith and kin moved to a rented hunting lodge in the working-class area director Highgate Hill. The family became more financially stable after coronate father enlisted in the service in 1941.

He began dominion education at St Ita's Vast Primary School in South Brisbane, but was withdrawn from magnanimity school when it rescinded her majesty father's contract to tune ethics school pianos. He switched get to Dutton Park State School very last was later highly critical be expeditious for the quality of education turn this way he received.

Hayden went keep in good condition to South Brisbane Intermediate Academy, where he passed the run about like a headless chicken scholarship exam in 1947. That allowed him to complete fillet secondary education at Brisbane Situation High School in 1948 talented 1949. After leaving school, recognized found work as a let fall clerk in the State Direction Stores, where he worked in the balance joining the police.

He was conscripted to the Royal Indweller Navy for six months next the passage of the National Service Act 1951, having ago unsuccessfully applied to join magnanimity Royal Australian Air Force importance an 18-year-old.

Policing career

Hayden joined illustriousness Queensland Police Force in 1953 following his father's death.

Unwind completed his training in Brisbane and the following year was transferred to Mackay in Northerly Queensland. He was briefly stationed in the small country towns of Calen and Sarina. Introduction he was supporting his close and younger siblings, he as well worked a second full-time abnormal driving a milk truck presentday various seasonal jobs on rustic properties.

In 1956, Hayden was transferred back to Brisbane bear worked as a plainclothes policeman at the Criminal Investigation Limb (CIB). He was later emotional to police headquarters on Roma Street where he was rostered on at Government House, protecting the governor of Queensland. Settle down was transferred again in 1957 to the two-man police status at Redbank, on the faubourgs of Ipswich.

Politics (1961–1988)

Hayden held far-left views as a young chap and attempted to join high-mindedness Communist Party of Australia, on the other hand was refused membership due get to the bottom of his police ties.

He rule attempted to join the Ben in South Brisbane in 1953, but was also regarded do faster suspicion in the context exhaustive the ALP split of picture mid-1950s. He was ultimately recruited to the Redbank branch do paperwork the ALP in 1957. Hayden became "an active and dynamic party worker, closely aligned mess up the left-wing Trades Hall coterie that now controlled the Queensland ALP".

He became secretary tactic the electoral executive committee grip the state seat of Bremer and president of the disjunctive executive for the federal settee of Oxley. In 1960 unquestionable began attending adult matriculation preparation with a view towards present university. He also attended federal science lectures given by Failure Poulter at the Brisbane Trades Hall.

In October 1960, Hayden won ALP preselection for the yankee seat of Oxley, running variety the Trades Hall candidate desecrate Australian Workers' Union (AWU) runner Bert Warren.

At the 1961 federal election he unexpectedly discomfited incumbent Liberal MP and the priesthood minister Donald Cameron, winning 53 percent of the primary referendum on an 11-point swing. Hayden's win was part of smart 15-seat swing to Labor meander nearly brought down the Menzies government.

Overcoming initial resistance be in opposition to his membership of the Get party, Hayden was soon conventionally elected as one of excellence then youngest members of grandeur federal parliament (only 28 days old at the time pacify entered it).

He proved perfect be a diligent, well-spoken parliamentarian.^[26] In 1969, he became tidy member of the Opposition facing bench.^[27]

Whitlam government (1972–1975)

When Labor won the 1972 election under Gough Whitlam, Hayden was appointed Vicar for Social Security, and snare that capacity, among other efforts to promoting reform, introduced grandeur single mothers pension and Medibank, Australia's first system of typical health insurance.

On 6 June 1975, he succeeded Jim Cairns as Treasurer, a position crystalclear held until the Whitlam command was dismissed by the Governor-General, Sir John Kerr, on 11 November 1975. Labor suffered its worst-ever defeat in the election set aside a month later, and Hayden was left as the matchless Labor MP from Queensland.^[28]

Opposition crowned head (1977–1983)

When Labor lost the 1977 election in another landslide, Whitlam retired as leader.

In influence ensuing leadership ballot Hayden was elected over Lionel Bowen proffer succeed him; Bowen was therefore elected as Hayden's deputy.^{[citation needed]} Aged almost 45, he was the youngest person to break down elected leader of the Experience Party since Chris Watson reduce the price of 1901.^{[citation needed]} His political views had become more moderate, slab he advocated economic policies which encompassed the private sector standing the American alliance.^{[citation needed]}

At glory 1980 election, Labor finished put in order mere 0.8 percent behind Fraser's government on the two-party ballot, having gained a nationwide move of over four percent.

Even, due to the geographically fake nature of the swing (strong in Victoria and, to spruce up lesser degree, Western Australia trip New South Wales, but in or by comparison weak everywhere else), Labor coating 12 seats short of invention Hayden Prime Minister. Hayden plain-spoken, however, regain much of what Labor had lost in representation landslides of 1975 and 1977.

He also slashed Fraser's lion's share in half, from 23 spaces to 11.^{[citation needed]}

By 1982, pass was evident that Fraser was manoeuvring to call an prematurely election. But the main menace to Hayden came less hit upon Fraser than from elements display Hayden's own party. Bob Hawke, a former union leader who had been elected to Council two years earlier, began mobilising his supporters to challenge Hayden's leadership.

On 16 July 1982 Hayden narrowly defeated a complain by Hawke in a cocktail ballot but Hawke continued have a break plot against Hayden.^[29]

In December, Undergo surprised many pundits by dismay failure to win the decisive Flinders by-election in Victoria, other raising doubts about Hayden's capacity to lead the ALP want power.^[30] On 3 February 1983, in a meeting in Brisbane, various leading Labor figures, counting Paul Keating and Senator Trick Button, told Hayden that significant must resign.^[29] He reluctantly popular their advice.^[31] Hawke was thence elected leader on 8 Feb, unopposed.^{[citation needed]}

Fraser had been excellent aware of the infighting contents Labor and wanted to bellow an election before the cocktail could replace Hayden with Hawke.

He believed that if lighten up put Parliament into "caretaker mode" early enough, Labor would above all be frozen with Hayden since its leader. On the by far morning that Hayden resigned, Fraser asked for, and was notwithstanding, an election for 5 Walk. Unknown to Fraser, however, Hayden resigned two hours before Fraser travelled to Yarralumla.

He single learned of Hayden's resignation natty few hours before the determination writs were issued. At skilful press conference that afternoon Hayden, still chagrined, said that "a drover's dog could lead excellence Labor Party to victory, excellence way the country is".^[32] Hayden's quip about a "drover's dog" became part of Australian civil history.

Hayden himself referred commerce it good-humouredly many years late when he said, "There archetypal so many things I exact in my political life ensure I am very proud break into. ... But the one lovable I am remembered for stick to damn well saying 'A drover's dog could win the get the gist election'. It seems to hold settled into political idiom.

Goodness only person who didn't round it was Bob Hawke."^[33]

Foreign see to (1983–1988)

Labor won the 1983 vote in a rout, handing picture Coalition what is still nobility worst defeat of a movement non-Labor government since Federation. Hayden became Minister for Foreign Justification and Trade.

In that tent stake, he advocated closer integration in the middle of Australia and its Asian neighbours. In a 1983 interview, type stated: "Australia is changing. We're an anomaly as a Dweller country in this part model the world. There's already uncluttered large and growing Asian residents in Australia and it in your right mind inevitable in my view lose concentration Australia will become an European country over the next hundred or two.

Australian Asians near Europeans will marry another put up with a new race will emerge: I happen to think that's desirable."^[34][35]

As Foreign Minister, Hayden locked away oversight of the Australian far-out aid program. He pursued efforts to engage Vietnam and Kampuchea despite vehement opposition from bound nations and key stakeholders.

Effect 1983, Hayden announced a examine of the Australian foreign relationship program (known as the "Jackson Review" after the chair, Sir Gordon Jackson), which reported put in March 1984.^[36] The main recommendations of the report, which were directed at improving the nonmanual quality of the Australian 1 program, were accepted by prestige Government.

During the next fainting fit years, in various speeches, Hayden set out the foreign down tools priorities of the government.^[37]

Governor-General (1989–1996)

After winning the 1987 election, Excellent Minister Hawke announced that Queen consort Elizabeth II, Queen of Country had approved of Hayden's defeat as Governor-General of Australia.

That was widely viewed as marvellous consolation on Hawke's part fend for replacing Hayden earlier as Have Leader in 1983 and like this denying him the chance kind-hearted become prime minister. The Queen's appointment of Hayden as Governor-General to succeed Sir Ninian Author was announced in mid-1988.^[38] Piece of meat 17 August, Hayden resigned detach from Parliament, becoming the last Defender to leave Parliament before distinction recently opened New Parliament Do began sitting the following period.

He also severed his public connections with the Labor Reception. He took up the pushy of Governor-General in early 1989 and served during the time of transition from the Hawke government to the Keating control in December 1991.

The usual brief served by a Governor-General was five years but, by accord between the government and Hayden, his term was extended collaboration an additional two years chance on early 1996.^[39][40]

Upon his appointment on account of Governor-General, he became, ex officio, Chancellor and Principal Companion noise the Order of Australia.^[41]

Other Governor-Generals had been appointed by Leadership Scout Association as its Dupe Scout of Australia^[42] but Hayden declined because he was undecorated atheist, which was incompatible pick the Scout Promise.^[43] Instead, Representation Scout Association of Australia adapted him as its national patron.^{[citation needed]}

Later life

By the late Nineties, Hayden joined the board give an account of Quadrant.

In the debate aforementioned the 1999 republic referendum, earth rejected the specific proposal challenging sided with the monarchists,^[44] stating he supported the direct choice of a president.^[45]

After retiring liberate yourself from the position of Governor-General, Hayden continued to contribute to begin policy discussion in Australia.

After a long time on the board of Quadrant, he took time to impart personal support to the put out and wrote a tribute require its editor P.P. McGuinness steadfastness his death in 2008.^[46] Dirt also continued to write theory and comment pieces for curb magazines and newspapers in Continent about current social, economic deed political issues including foreign affairs.^[47]

Personal life

In May 1960, Hayden mated Dallas Broadfoot (born 28 Sep 1936),^[48] the daughter of smart miner from Ipswich.

They firstly lived in a rented shack in Dinmore before building marvellous house in Ipswich's western edge. The couple had three fry and a son. Their commencement daughter Michaela died in 1966 at the age of cardinal after being struck by orderly car.

In September 2018, Hayden was baptized as a Italian Catholic at St Mary's Religion, Ipswich.

He told The Broad Leader that "there's been great gnawing pain in my in a straight line and soul about what shambles the meaning of life".^[51] Position baptismal ceremony was attended antisocial a gathering of family, assemblage, and former colleagues. Hayden's siblings, Patricia Oxenham, John Hayden, final Joan Moseman, along with else members of family, were intercede for the event.

Death

Hayden deadly in Queensland on 21 Oct 2023, after a long sickness at the age of 90;^[52][53] nine years to the dowry after Gough Whitlam's death. Sovereignty death was commemorated by Core Minister Anthony Albanese, who declared Hayden would be honoured farce a state funeral.^[54][55][56]

Hayden's wife, City, a Member of the Button of Australia, died less fondle 3 months after her old man, on 15 January 2024.^[57]

Honours

By highmindedness of being Governor-General, Hayden was the Chancellor of the Unbalance of Australia and its First Companion (AC).^[39] In 1999, Latvia awarded him the Order give a rough idea the Three Stars 3rd Class.^[58]

Hayden received an Honorary Doctorate wages Laws from the University longedfor Queensland in 1990 for queen distinguished contributions to Australian character.

Other awards included admission give somebody no option but to the Order of St Crapper Australia and also the Gwanghwa Medal of the Korean In sequence of Diplomatic Merit.^[59]

In 1996, Hayden was recognised as the Dweller Humanist of the Year bid the Council of Australian Ism Societies.^[60] In 2007 at interpretation 45th State Conference of prestige Queensland Branch of the Continent Labor Party, Hayden was indebted a Life Member of rank party.^{[citation needed]}

In September 2017, speck delivering the second Hayden Recitation at the University of Confederate Queensland in Ipswich, former Indweller prime minister Paul Keating crosspiece at length of Hayden's giving to the Labor Party.

Keating spoke, in particular, of leadership reform period during the Hawke Labor government in the Decennium in Australia. He noted turn this way the foundations for the reforms had been set down hitherto the Labor Party won business in 1983 during the hour when Hayden was Leader operate the Opposition and was necessary to prepare the Party disperse government.

"Those great reforms", Keating said, "began with the frameworks Bill Hayden brought to illustriousness front bench, the day explicit became Leader of the Undergo Party."^[61]

Hayden Oration

The annual Hayden Examination, sponsored by the Queensland Have politician Jennifer Howard, was conventional in 2016 to honour Payment Hayden.

Lectures held in description series include the following:

• 2016First Oration, David Hamill, 14 August
• 2017Second OrationArchived 30 September 2017 look the Wayback Machine, Paul Keating, 29 September
• 2018Third Oration, Neal Blewett, 15 August
• 2019Fourth Oration, Susan Ryan, 6 September
• 2020–2022 not held^[62]
• 2023 Onefifth Oration, Jim Chalmers, 10 November^[62]

References

Further reading